Venom has been used in medicine since around 4500 BC. It has been used in many different ways from hunting animals to creating anti venom's. Currently, the most common use of venom is in the pharmaceutical industry in the production of different medicines.
The following animals are a few of the earth's most venomous creatures that science has used to synthesize pharmaceuticals from.
The Brazilian Pit Viper
The Brazilian pit viper venom provided within it an angiotensin-converting enzyme, (ACE). This was the first venom-derived drug to receive approval from the FDA. Now titled Lisinopril the drug derived from pit viper venom is a commonly used high blood pressure medicine designed to relax the blood vessels and decrease the volume of blood to the heart. Other uses of snake venom include the use of it as an anti-clotting agent in surgery and anti-venom.
The Cone Snail
The cone snail uses a venomous harpoon to capture and kill fish that it wants to eat. The venom is powerful enough to kill a human with a tiny drop. However, the venom from the snail has been used to provide a powerful painkiller that can be used in extreme cases when opiates are not beneficial. Unfortunately, there is a problem with this drug called Prialt. It has to be injected into the spinal column because it will not cross the blood-brain barrier if injected into the bloodstream and therefore will not enter the brain. It's an amazing pain killer but rarely used. As of September 12, 2016, scientists have found out the insulin derived from the cone snail works 10 minutes faster than the current fast-acting insulin. Making it a better option for people needing insulin fast.
Bee's
It has long been believed that bee sting venom can provide some type of useful pharmaceuticals but until recently we haven't fully explored its potential. In 2013 a team of scientists at Washington University school of medicine used nanoparticles coated with bee venom (Melittin) to destroy the HIV virus and it worked. They did so without causing damage to any of the healthy normal cells around the HIV virus. Scientists are furthering the research with bee venom believing that it may have many other uses for treating human ailments.
The Gila Monster
The Gila Monster is a type of lizard the excretes venom from the saliva in its bite. Scientists have been able to use this venom to synthesize Exenatide (Byetta) a new drug now used to aid in weight loss by helping sustain a healthy glucose level in people with type 2 diabetes.
Chilean Rose Tarantula
The Chilean Rose Tarantula is a type of spider from South America scientists are using to treat muscular dystrophy. The venom from this spider helps the muscle cells retain there strength and proteins that keep the muscles healthy. This does not cure people with muscular dystrophy but it does prolong their life.
The world of studying venom has been around for thousands of years but only recently have we realized the truly astounding potential of it. With hundreds of thousands of animals that have developed the need for venom researchers will be analyzing venom for years to come.
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Sources:
All images are sourced from Wiki creative commons.
http://www.buffalo.edu/home/feature_story/good-venom.html
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/07/070709175815.htm
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/257437.php